Product Overview
Industrial Cyclopropane is a colorless, flammable gas composed of a three-membered carbon ring, making it the simplest cycloalkane with significant ring strain. This unique structural feature imparts higher reactivity compared to larger ring or straight-chain alkanes. While not a high-volume commodity like propane, industrial cyclopropane serves as a valuable specialty chemical intermediate and calibrant. Its production and use require careful handling due to its high flammability and the energetic nature of its strained ring. The primary value of industrial cyclopropane lies in its role as a building block in organic synthesis and a standard in analytical chemistry.
Basic Information
| CAS No. | 75-19-4 |
| UN No. | UN1027 (Cyclopropane, compressed) |
| Molecular Formula | C₃H₆ |
| Hazard Classification | 2.1 (Flammable gas) |
Key Attributes & Parameters
| Purity | Available in standard industrial grades (typically >98-99%) and high-purity grades (>99.5%) for specialized applications. Common impurities include propane and propylene. |
| Physical State | Colorless, flammable gas at standard conditions; can be liquefied under pressure. |
| Boiling Point | -32.9 °C (-27.2 °F) at atmospheric pressure. |
| Vapor Density | Heavier than air (~1.45 relative to air). |
| Critical Properties | Critical temperature |
| Key Structural Feature | Highly strained three-membered ring with C-C-C bond angles of approximately 60°, far from the ideal tetrahedral 109.5°, conferring significant potential energy and reactivity. |
Features & Advantages
High Reactivity Due to Ring Strain
The substantial angle strain in the cyclopropane ring makes it more reactive than linear alkanes, participating in ring-opening reactions, hydrogenation, and addition reactions that are valuable in synthesis.
Specialized Chemical Building Block
Serves as a unique precursor for introducing the cyclopropyl group into more complex molecules, a moiety of interest in pharmaceutical and agrochemical research for its ability to modify biological activity and metabolic stability.
Useful Calibration Standard
Its well-defined, symmetric structure and spectroscopic properties make cyclopropane a suitable calibration gas for instruments like gas chromatographs and certain types of spectrometers.
Gaseous Fuel Research
Studied for its combustion properties in fundamental fuel and engine research due to its unique, strained structure.
Functional Characteristics
Industrial cyclopropane is primarily handled as a compressed or liquefied gas. Its core functional characteristic is the reactivity of its strained three-carbon ring. This ring can open under various conditions (e.g., catalytic hydrogenation, reaction with halogens or acids) to form linear or functionalized propane derivatives. In synthesis, it can act as a substrate for transition metal-catalyzed insertions and cycloadditions. Due to its high flammability and potential for explosive decomposition under certain conditions, it requires storage and use in well-ventilated areas with appropriate safety measures to prevent ignition.
Primary Application Fields
Organic & Pharmaceutical Synthesis
Used as a reagent to synthesize cyclopropyl-containing compounds, which are important motifs in drug discovery (e.g., certain antidepressants, antivirals) and agrochemicals.
Analytical Chemistry
Employed as a calibration standard or reference compound in gas chromatography (GC) and in fundamental studies of molecular spectroscopy and kinetics.
Fuel & Combustion Research
Investigated in laboratory settings as a model compound for studying the combustion chemistry of cyclic hydrocarbons.
Chemical Research
Utilized in academic and industrial R&D to explore new reaction pathways, catalytic cycles, and the fundamental properties of strained ring systems.
Customer Collaboration Case
A pharmaceutical research company was developing a new candidate drug where a cyclopropyl group was critical for potency and metabolic stability. Their existing synthetic route to incorporate the cyclopropyl moiety was low-yielding, used hazardous intermediates, and was difficult to scale. They approached us to explore using industrial cyclopropane as a direct, gaseous feedstock for a catalytic ring-opening/cross-coupling reaction. We supplied them with research quantities of high-purity (>99.5%) industrial cyclopropane and provided technical support on safe handling and gas delivery systems for their pressurized reactors. Using our cyclopropane, their chemistry team successfully developed a novel palladium-catalyzed reaction that directly coupled the cyclopropane ring with an advanced aryl halide intermediate. This new route, enabled by the direct use of industrial cyclopropane, improved the yield of the key step by over 40%, eliminated two hazardous steps, and provided a more scalable and cost-effective path forward. This collaboration demonstrated how a specialized gaseous intermediate like industrial cyclopropane could unlock innovative and efficient synthetic strategies in complex molecule development.
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