Product Overview
High Purity Carbon Monoxide,carbon monoxide standard gas is a specialized, toxic, and flammable gas refined to contain minimal levels of impurities that could interfere with sensitive chemical processes or analytical measurements. As a crucial C1 building block in industrial chemistry, carbon monoxide standard gas is essential for synthesizing a wide array of chemicals, including acetic acid, phosgene, and alcohols via hydroformylation. The stringent control over contaminants such as iron carbonyls, hydrogen, and moisture is critical, as these can deactivate expensive catalysts or lead to undesirable side reactions. The reliable supply of high purity carbon monoxide enables efficient and selective manufacturing in the chemical and electronics industries.
Basic Information
| CAS No. | 630-08-0 |
| UN No. | UN1016 (Carbon monoxide, compressed) |
| Molecular Formula | CO |
| Hazard Classification | 2.3 (Toxic gas), 2.1 (Flammable gas) |
Key Attributes & Parameters
| Purity | Available in high-purity grades typically ranging from 99.0% to 99.999% (5.0 grade). For catalytic processes, purity often exceeds 99.5% or 99.9%. |
| Critical Impurity Specifications (for a 99.9% grade example) |
Carbon Dioxide (CO₂): < 100 ppmv Hydrogen (H₂): < 50 ppmv Nitrogen (N₂): < 300 ppmv Oxygen (O₂): < 10 ppmv Moisture (H₂O): < 5 ppmv Iron Carbonyl (Fe(CO)₅): < 1 ppmv (critical for catalyst protection) |
| Physical State | Colorless, odorless, flammable, and highly toxic gas. |
| Detection | Due to its lack of warning properties, detection relies on electronic sensors. |
Features & Advantages
Essential Syngas Component
Serves as the key carbon and oxygen source in synthesis gas (syngas) for producing fuels and chemicals via Fischer-Tropsch and other catalytic processes.
Critical for Carbonylation Reactions
The high purity is vital for efficient and selective carbonylation processes, such as methanol carbonylation to acetic acid, where impurities can poison rhodium or iridium catalysts.
Versatile Chemical Feedstock
Enables the production of a wide range of products, from plastics and resins to pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, through reactions like hydroformylation (oxo synthesis) and phosgenation.
Superior Process Efficiency
Minimizes catalyst deactivation, reduces by-product formation, and improves overall yield in downstream chemical manufacturing, leading to lower operating costs and higher productivity.
Functional Characteristics
Carbon Monoxide Standard Gas functions primarily as a reactive ligand and carbonyl source in organometallic chemistry and industrial catalysis. Its core function is to insert into metal-carbon or metal-hydrogen bonds or to participate in reductive carbonylation. In processes like acetic acid production, it reacts with methanol and a catalyst to form the product. In electronics, it can be used in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for depositing thin films. Due to its extreme toxicity and flammability, it is handled in closed, leak-tight systems with extensive safety monitoring, pressure regulation, and often is used immediately on-site where it is produced via steam reforming or partial oxidation with dedicated purification.
Primary Application Fields
Chemical Manufacturing
The primary use is in large-scale production of acetic acid, acrylic acid, oxo-alcohols (via hydroformylation), and dimethylformamide (DMF). Also used in producing isocyanates (via phosgene) and formic acid.
Metallurgy
As a reducing agent in certain metal refining processes (e.g., nickel carbonyl process in Mond process).
Electronics & Semiconductors
Used in some specialized chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes for depositing metal or carbon-based thin films.
Pharmaceuticals & Fine Chemicals
Serves as a reagent in the synthesis of complex molecules, including certain drugs and fragrance ingredients.
Fuel & Energy Research
A key component in research on syngas production, fuel cells, and carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies.
Customer Collaboration Case
A world-scale producer of acetic acid via the methanol carbonylation process was experiencing an unexplained decline in catalyst activity and selectivity, leading to increased operating costs and off-spec product. They suspected impurities in their carbon monoxide feed stream were poisoning their expensive rhodium-based catalyst system. We conducted an analysis and identified elevated levels of sulfur compounds and iron carbonyl in their supply. We then implemented a dedicated supply chain for our 99.97% high purity carbon monoxide, featuring an additional guard-bed purification skid at their plant inlet specifically designed to remove these catalyst poisons. The consistent supply of our high purity carbon monoxide, with iron carbonyl maintained below 0.5 ppmv, restored catalyst performance to its original design specifications. This resulted in a 15% increase in catalyst life, a significant reduction in precious metal losses, and restored production of on-spec acetic acid. The partnership turned a costly production problem into a stable, optimized operation, demonstrating that the high purity carbon monoxide feed is a critical variable for the economics of large-scale catalytic chemistry.
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